感謝Mike Tveite博士：解釋" Note that the figures in both examples could as well be derived from a composite index."

“功夫在詩外” 一例； Note that the figures in both examples could as well be derived from a composite index.

記得近10年前，余光中先生在某次演講也提過： 翻譯“功夫在詩外”.....
今天查一下，才知道思果先生的文集，沒寫出版日期.....
過去6天，我有些這方面的例子可談。今天就談這。

在W. Edwards Deming 的 Out of the Crisis  (1986)一書的第113頁，作者有一行小注：

Note that the figures in both examples could as well be derived from a composite index.

近30年前，吾有將 composite index 翻譯成複合指標。約17年前，編輯將它改為綜合指標-----這合乎經濟學界的用語---我去查，歐洲/英國的就業等統計值，採用此。
此次重譯，我想不出此段話的意思，難道二項式分佈等，還有我不知道的算法？

我決定給最近網路上認識的某博士一封電郵，請教他。他是戴明合作社的成員，這是品質保證認可章：
不料，Mike 在近5天之後才給我回信：

Dear Hanching, In Examples 1 and 2 on pp 110-113, Dr. Deming is looking at simple counts: In Example 1, the count is red beads and in Example 2 the count is mistakes made in the past year. I expect when he said, “Note that the figures in both examples could as well be derived from a composite index”, a similar approach could be used to evaluate data other than simple counts. Perhaps, consider an example where we might be evaluating employees’ production to determine whether some employees are more productive than others. If every task is equally complex, we could just count the number of tasks that each of the employees have completed and conduct an analysis like Dr. Deming’s to see if anyone had production outside of the effects of the system that they work in. However, there might be different kinds of tasks of different levels of complexity. For example, consider three kinds of tasks and call them simple, moderate and difficult. Maybe it is understood that moderate tasks take about 2 times as long as simple tasks and complex tasks take about 5 times as long as simple tasks. Then, to evaluate total work accomplished, instead of just counting completed tasks (Simple + Moderate + Complex), we might consider a “composite index” that would weight tasks by their complexity (Simple + 2*Moderate + 5*Complex) and provide a different reflection of work accomplished. I hope this example helps you understand what Dr. Deming might have meant by “composite index” in this context. Please ask for more clarification if the example didn’t help. Regards,Mike 意

Mike Tveite,

PhDStatisticianPolaris Industries

我看完之後，恍然大悟，去信謝謝。


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功夫在詩外，是指學習做詩，不能就詩學詩，而應把工夫下在掌握淵博的知識，參加社會實踐上。
“功夫在詩外”，原是宋朝大詩人陸游在他逝世的前一年，給他的一個兒子傳授寫詩的經驗時寫的一首詩中的一句。詩的大意說：他初做詩時，只知道在辭藻、技巧、形式上下功夫，到中年才領悟到這種做法不對，詩應該注重內容、意境，應該反映人民的要求和喜怒哀樂。陸游在另一首詩中又說“紙上得來終覺淺，絕知此事要躬行。”可以知道，所謂“功夫在詩外”，就是要強調“躬行”，到生活中廣泛涉獵，開闊眼界。-----百度百科

《功夫在詩外：翻譯偶談》
作者	思果
出版社	Oxford University Press, Inc.
ISBN	9780195876994 本書是作者思果的最新文章結集。內容闡述翻譯若干方面，雖翻譯老手，未必察及。 陸游詩有云：「汝果欲學詩，功夫在詩外」。本書作者認為，學翻譯就像學做詩，功夫在翻譯外，必須瞭解原文和譯文的文化差異，涉獵不同學科、各國文字，還必須培養鍥而不捨的敬業精神。 作者既談翻譯的藝術，也談翻譯的技術問題，例如指出翻譯固有名詞的困難，討論引文、書名、成語、小說須注意之處。《新譯英文〈聖經〉的啟示》一文比較幾個英文聖經譯本，作者的體會堪以玩味。《散文的惡性歐化》一文譴責劣譯的影響、中文胡亂歐化的現象，為全書的一個重點。作者文筆流暢，議論深入淺出，書中文章像精純的散文，百讀不厭。 目次 「功夫在詩外」──論僅學翻譯還不夠 假使原作者是中國人──僅譯成中文還不夠 翻譯的可學與否 翻譯與文化 翻譯和思想 怎樣譯才好──就譯論和雨田先生一談 談固有名詞的翻譯 不可譯！不可譯！ 由「使」字想到翻譯 論書名的翻譯 成語之忌 英語小說中譯 翻譯歐化結構探討 可惡的名詞 高級翻譯 「逃跑」──字的義、音、形淺探 譯事偶談 新譯英文《聖經》的啟示 散文的惡性歐化 文字的特點 嚼字 直譯 看看到底是誰行